🪣 To Volume Converter (斗 to L)

The To Volume Converter converts between to (斗) and modern volume units. The to is a traditional Japanese bulk volume measurement, equal to 10 sho (升) and 100 go (合), approximately 18.039 liters.

The to was used as a practical bulk measurement for rice distribution and sake production. A "to-bin" (斗瓶) is a large sake bottle holding 1 to (18 L). Today, the to appears mainly in historical contexts and traditional sake breweries.

Conversion formula:

Key conversions:

• 1 to = 18.039 L = 4.766 US gallons
• 1 to = 10 sho (standard sake bottles)
• 1 to = 100 go (rice cups)
• 1 koku = 10 to

For individual serving sizes, use our go converter. For standard sake bottle volumes, try the sho converter. The general volume converter handles all metric units.

1. Enter the volume in to (斗).
2. Select the target unit.
3. Click Convert for instant results.
4. Compare with the shakkanho volume hierarchy.

How many liters is one to?

One to equals 18.039 L (exactly 100 x 2401/13310 liters). This is the same as 10 sho or 1/10 koku. The to is a mid-range bulk volume unit in the shakkanho system.

Is the to still used?

The to is rarely used in modern Japan. It appears primarily in historical contexts, traditional sake breweries, and older literature. Sake breweries may still use to internally for bulk measurement.

What is a to-bin?

A to-bin (斗瓶) is a traditional ceramic bottle holding exactly 1 to (18 L) of sake. These large bottles were used for bulk storage and transport in sake breweries. The term survives even for modern plastic containers of the same volume.

How does the to compare to gallons?

One to (18.039 L) equals 4.766 US gallons, or roughly 4.77 gallons. This is close to a standard 5-gallon bucket (18.9 L), making the to easy to visualize for those familiar with Western bulk containers.

How many to are in one koku?

One koku equals 10 to. The relationship is purely decimal: 10 go = 1 sho, 10 sho = 1 to, 10 to = 1 koku. This makes scaling within the shakkanho volume system straightforward.

The to in sake production. Sake breweries measure production in koku (1 koku = 10 to = 180 L). A "1,000-koku brewery" produces about 180,000 L of sake annually. The to is the practical working unit within breweries.

To-bin (斗瓶). A traditional large sake bottle holding exactly 1 to (18 L). These ceramic bottles are used in sake breweries for bulk storage and transport. Modern plastic containers of this size are still called to-bin.

Historical rice distribution. During the Edo period, rice taxes and stipends were measured in koku and to. A 100-to rice shipment equals 10 koku, approximately 1,800 L (about 1,500 kg of rice).

The to vs modern containers. One to (18 L) is close to the volume of a standard 5-gallon bucket (18.9 L). This makes it easy to visualize: 1 to fills about one standard bucket of liquid.